After clearing hurdles with the censor board and a review committee, Prakash Jha's film Raajneeti came up against, and overcame, two legal ones today.
Two persons moved the High Court seeking a stay on the film's release, due June 4, but the court refused to entertain either. One of the petitioners claimed to be a Congress worker — as reported earlier, some leaders are uncomfortable with certain scenes involving a character who they believe is based on party chief Sonia Gandhi. The other is a scriptwriter who alleged the film's script is based on one of his.
The film, featuring Katrina Kaif, Ajay Devgan, Naseeruddin Shah, Nana Patekar and Manoj Bajpai, had struggled for a "suitable" certificate: a love scene between Kaif and Arjun Rampal had to be shortened from 37 seconds to 18. The Central Board of Film Certification then referred the political drama to a six-member review committee which, incidentally, had some Congress members; they maintained that their suggestions "were unrelated to any similarity between the film and real life".
Petitioner Naseem Khan, who claims to be a Congress worker, says Kaif's character is based on Sonia Gandhi, and the film "defames" her. He has also taken exception to Kaif playing this role.
On Friday, he urged the High Court for urgent relief, since his application in a sessions court is listed for hearing on June 2. But Justice Rajesh Ketkar refused to hear the matter, saying "there was no urgency".
In the other petition, scriptwriter Yogendra Konkar claimed that the film is based on his Rajniti: A Political Saga. His lawyer said Konkar had met Jha and showed him the script and that the writer had sent the script to several filmmakers.
Jha's lawyer said that the director had never met Konkar and that there was no way the script could have been plagiarised. Jha's script had been registered with the Indian Motion Pictures Association in December 2008 and Konkar's script later, in July 2009, Jha's lawyer said.
Vacation judge S J Khathawala said staying the release would cause Jha losses running into several crores. The court observed that the two scripts were different and Konkar has failed to make a prima facie case against Jha.
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Monday, May 31, 2010
Friday, May 28, 2010
can't access blogspot.com?? here is the solution..
it seems like that this is a common issue:
http://www.consumercomplaints.in/complaints/dns-error-no-blogspot-blog-opening-on-aircel-network-c350759.html
I can suggest two ways to fix the issue. First, the better way.
Configure your DNS setting to use some public DNS server. You can use one or more from the list here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDNS#Servers Assuming you are on some type of Windows system, you can do it by navigating to: My Network Places > View Network Connections > Whatever is your active connection > Right click and select 'Properties' > Select 'Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)' > Properties > Select 'Use the following DNS Server Addresses' and enter one or more of the IP addresses from the link I gave above.
If that doesn't work, here is an inferior way. Lookup the IP address of blogspot.com manually by visiting some online nslookup site that you are able to visit. e.g. http://www.kloth.net/services/nslookup.php
Let us assume it tells you that the address of blogspot.com is: 74.125.39.191
Now, open the file, C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts with some editor such as Notepad and add this entry:
74.125.39.191 kevinrichards.blogspot.com
You can add one or more such entries for every website you are unable to visit..
http://www.consumercomplaints.in/complaints/dns-error-no-blogspot-blog-opening-on-aircel-network-c350759.html
I can suggest two ways to fix the issue. First, the better way.
Configure your DNS setting to use some public DNS server. You can use one or more from the list here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDNS#Servers Assuming you are on some type of Windows system, you can do it by navigating to: My Network Places > View Network Connections > Whatever is your active connection > Right click and select 'Properties' > Select 'Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)' > Properties > Select 'Use the following DNS Server Addresses' and enter one or more of the IP addresses from the link I gave above.
If that doesn't work, here is an inferior way. Lookup the IP address of blogspot.com manually by visiting some online nslookup site that you are able to visit. e.g. http://www.kloth.net/services/nslookup.php
Let us assume it tells you that the address of blogspot.com is: 74.125.39.191
Now, open the file, C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts with some editor such as Notepad and add this entry:
74.125.39.191 kevinrichards.blogspot.com
You can add one or more such entries for every website you are unable to visit..
Wednesday, August 6, 2008
quantum dots
A New Model of Quantum Dots: Rethinking the Electronics
Nanotechnology
A New Model of Quantum Dots: Rethinking the Electronics
Quantum dots, tiny crystals consisting of a few hundred to a few thousand atoms, sparkle with promise for uses ranging from tagging proteins in living cells to foiling counterfeiters to enabling quantum computers. The optics and electronics of these semiconductor nanocrystals are dramatically different from the same materials in bulk. But it turns out that one of the most important electronic properties of quantum dots has been misunderstood for over a decade.
Image: The total electron charge density (shown in green) of a quantum dot of gallium arsenide, containing just 465 atoms. (Image: Lin-Wang Wang)
Theorists at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have shown that a quantum dot's dielectric function (a term indicating how charge responds to an electric field) does not depend on its band gap, as researchers long believed. On the contrary, the dielectric function of a quantum dot, measured on the microscopic scale, is virtually the same as that of the bulk material -- except near the dot's surface.
"One of the interesting things about quantum dots is that their band gaps are much larger than the same material in bulk. At the same time their overall dielectric constants are much smaller," says Lin-Wang Wang of Berkeley Lab's Computational Research Division. "Therefore it was natural to assume that the size of the band gap in a quantum dot is what determines its overall dielectric constant."
Recently French researchers led by Christophe Delerue of the Institut Supérieur d'Electronique du Nord raised doubts about this assumed relationship, however, basing their argument on approximate calculations. To test the questions posed by the French group, Wang and postdoctoral fellow Xavier Cartoixà performed, for the first time, ab initio ("from first principles") microscopic studies of the dielectric function in quantum dots. To do so they used PEtot, a quantum-mechanical electronic-structure program developed by Wang, on the Seaborg supercomputer at the Department of Energy's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), based at Berkeley Lab.
Wang and Cartoixá's results, published in the June 17, 2005 issue of Physical Review Letters, led them to devise a simple mathematical model, the first that nanoscience researchers can use for quick, consistent calculations of the dielectric function in nanocrystals.
Tunable band gaps and a rainbow of colors
[Quantum dots]
Quantum dots of the same material but different sizes (here, cadmium selenide in suspension) have different band gaps and emit different colors.
"One useful feature of quantum dots is that the colors of light they absorb and emit can be tuned simply by varying their size," says Wang. "This is because dots of the same material but different sizes have different band gaps, which absorb and emit different frequencies."
The band gap of a semiconductor like silicon or gallium arsenide is the energy required to lift an electron from its valence band, filled with electrons, to its conduction band, which is empty. For example, an incoming photon whose energy matches or exceeds the band gap can boost an electron into the conduction band, leaving behind a "hole" of opposite charge. This is the principle that underlies photovoltaic cells, which generate electrical current when stimulated by light.
Conversely, when an electron falls from the conduction band back down to the valence band, eliminating a hole, the lost energy is emitted as light whose color corresponds to the band gap -- this is the principle behind light-emitting diodes, LEDs.
Each semiconductor has a characteristic band gap, but when the diameter of a piece of the material is shorter than the quantum-mechanical wave function of its electrons, the "squeezed" electron wave function makes the band gap wider. For an electron to jump from the valence band to the conduction band now requires more energy.
"In a classical picture this would be like the electron, which is free to meander through the bulk material, suddenly being forced to speed up in a confined space," Lin-Wang Wang says -- analogous to a circus motorcycle rider moving faster inside a steel cage.
The smaller the quantum dot, the wider the band gap. The band gap of gallium arsenide in bulk, for example, is 1.52 electron volts (eV), while a quantum dot consisting of 933 atoms of gallium and arsenic has a band gap of 2.8 eV, and a dot half as big, with 465 atoms, has a band gap of 3.2 eV -- about twice that of the bulk material. Changing the band gap, and thus the color of light a quantum dot absorbs or emits, requires only adding or subtracting atoms from the quantum dot.
Enter the dielectric constant
The electron-hole pair formed when an incoming photon boosts an electron out of the valence band into the conduction band is called an exciton. An exciton's energy (which corresponds to the color of the quantum dot) is not identical with the band gap; instead it depends on a number of other factors.
Most important is the dielectric function inside the quantum dot, which mediates how strongly the exciton's negatively charged electron and positively charged hole attract each other. Calculating the dielectric function is thus essential to understanding how excitons behave in a quantum dot (including its exact color) and how its electronic states can be manipulated -- for example by adding dopant atoms that seed the semiconductor with extra electrons or holes.
In 1994 Wang, then at DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and his colleague Alex Zunger found a consistent relationship between a quantum dot's band gap and its overall dielectric constant, a relationship suggestive of the observed scaling between a dot's size and its band gap. A quantum dot's electric constant is the average of the dielectric function inside the dot. Advances in computing now make it possible to calculate the dielectric function on the microscopic scale -- virtually atom by atom.
In the recent study, Wang and Cartoixà calculated what would happen if a single-electron "perturbation" -- caused by a dopant atom, for example -- were introduced into the center of a 933-atom quantum dot of gallium arsenide. To replicate a realistic quantum dot, they "passivated" the atoms on its surface with fractionally charged hydrogen-like atoms, mimicking reactions between the dot and its surroundings.
Using the Seaborg supercomputer at NERSC, the researchers were able to determine the electron charge density of the perturbation throughout the dot, using an ab initio calculation technique called local density approximation. In the presence of a weak electric field the results were virtually identical to similar measurements of the bulk material -- at least until the responses were measured near the surface of the dot.
[Change in charge response]
Here green shows the change in charge response when a single-electron perturbation is introduced into bulk gallium arsenide (left) and into a 465-atom quantum dot of the same material near its surface (right): except where the dot's surface intervene
Image: Here green shows the change in charge response when a single-electron perturbation is introduced into bulk gallium arsenide (left) and into a 465-atom quantum dot of the same material near its surface (right): except where the dot's surface intervenes, the responses of the two systems are very similar. (Image: Lin-Wang Wang)
quantum dot made of silicon. In the smaller dots, measurements near the center of the dot were still similar to the bulk measurements -- but varied significantly where the perturbation vanishes, near the surface.
A simple model
Measured microscopically, the dielectric function inside a quantum dot is the same as it is in the bulk material; measurements near a perturbation in the center of the dot show no significant difference, but in a small dot the differences are large near the boundary. Averaging makes it appear that the dielectric constant mimics size-dependent changes in the band gaps. But in fact there is no direct relationship.
"Using many hours of supercomputer time, we calculated all the electronic states in these quantum dots when they were perturbed by a single electron in the middle," says Wang. "We found they were the same as in the bulk." The electronic response of a quantum dot thus depends on where it is measured, and on the dot's size.
"If the response of the dot had been different from the bulk, it would have been hard to model," Wang says. "Instead we were able to devise a simple model for calculating the dielectric function on the microscopic scale that gives virtually the same results as ab initio calculations with a supercomputer. This should be very useful in future calculations."
"Microscopic response effects in semiconductor quantum dots," by Xavier Cartoixà and Lin-Wang Wang, appears in the June 17, 2005, issue of Physical Review Letters (volume 94, number 23, article 236804) and is available online as of June 15 at http://prl.aps.org/
Source: Berkeley Lab
Nanotechnology
A New Model of Quantum Dots: Rethinking the Electronics
Quantum dots, tiny crystals consisting of a few hundred to a few thousand atoms, sparkle with promise for uses ranging from tagging proteins in living cells to foiling counterfeiters to enabling quantum computers. The optics and electronics of these semiconductor nanocrystals are dramatically different from the same materials in bulk. But it turns out that one of the most important electronic properties of quantum dots has been misunderstood for over a decade.
Image: The total electron charge density (shown in green) of a quantum dot of gallium arsenide, containing just 465 atoms. (Image: Lin-Wang Wang)
Theorists at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have shown that a quantum dot's dielectric function (a term indicating how charge responds to an electric field) does not depend on its band gap, as researchers long believed. On the contrary, the dielectric function of a quantum dot, measured on the microscopic scale, is virtually the same as that of the bulk material -- except near the dot's surface.
"One of the interesting things about quantum dots is that their band gaps are much larger than the same material in bulk. At the same time their overall dielectric constants are much smaller," says Lin-Wang Wang of Berkeley Lab's Computational Research Division. "Therefore it was natural to assume that the size of the band gap in a quantum dot is what determines its overall dielectric constant."
Recently French researchers led by Christophe Delerue of the Institut Supérieur d'Electronique du Nord raised doubts about this assumed relationship, however, basing their argument on approximate calculations. To test the questions posed by the French group, Wang and postdoctoral fellow Xavier Cartoixà performed, for the first time, ab initio ("from first principles") microscopic studies of the dielectric function in quantum dots. To do so they used PEtot, a quantum-mechanical electronic-structure program developed by Wang, on the Seaborg supercomputer at the Department of Energy's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), based at Berkeley Lab.
Wang and Cartoixá's results, published in the June 17, 2005 issue of Physical Review Letters, led them to devise a simple mathematical model, the first that nanoscience researchers can use for quick, consistent calculations of the dielectric function in nanocrystals.
Tunable band gaps and a rainbow of colors
[Quantum dots]
Quantum dots of the same material but different sizes (here, cadmium selenide in suspension) have different band gaps and emit different colors.
"One useful feature of quantum dots is that the colors of light they absorb and emit can be tuned simply by varying their size," says Wang. "This is because dots of the same material but different sizes have different band gaps, which absorb and emit different frequencies."
The band gap of a semiconductor like silicon or gallium arsenide is the energy required to lift an electron from its valence band, filled with electrons, to its conduction band, which is empty. For example, an incoming photon whose energy matches or exceeds the band gap can boost an electron into the conduction band, leaving behind a "hole" of opposite charge. This is the principle that underlies photovoltaic cells, which generate electrical current when stimulated by light.
Conversely, when an electron falls from the conduction band back down to the valence band, eliminating a hole, the lost energy is emitted as light whose color corresponds to the band gap -- this is the principle behind light-emitting diodes, LEDs.
Each semiconductor has a characteristic band gap, but when the diameter of a piece of the material is shorter than the quantum-mechanical wave function of its electrons, the "squeezed" electron wave function makes the band gap wider. For an electron to jump from the valence band to the conduction band now requires more energy.
"In a classical picture this would be like the electron, which is free to meander through the bulk material, suddenly being forced to speed up in a confined space," Lin-Wang Wang says -- analogous to a circus motorcycle rider moving faster inside a steel cage.
The smaller the quantum dot, the wider the band gap. The band gap of gallium arsenide in bulk, for example, is 1.52 electron volts (eV), while a quantum dot consisting of 933 atoms of gallium and arsenic has a band gap of 2.8 eV, and a dot half as big, with 465 atoms, has a band gap of 3.2 eV -- about twice that of the bulk material. Changing the band gap, and thus the color of light a quantum dot absorbs or emits, requires only adding or subtracting atoms from the quantum dot.
Enter the dielectric constant
The electron-hole pair formed when an incoming photon boosts an electron out of the valence band into the conduction band is called an exciton. An exciton's energy (which corresponds to the color of the quantum dot) is not identical with the band gap; instead it depends on a number of other factors.
Most important is the dielectric function inside the quantum dot, which mediates how strongly the exciton's negatively charged electron and positively charged hole attract each other. Calculating the dielectric function is thus essential to understanding how excitons behave in a quantum dot (including its exact color) and how its electronic states can be manipulated -- for example by adding dopant atoms that seed the semiconductor with extra electrons or holes.
In 1994 Wang, then at DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and his colleague Alex Zunger found a consistent relationship between a quantum dot's band gap and its overall dielectric constant, a relationship suggestive of the observed scaling between a dot's size and its band gap. A quantum dot's electric constant is the average of the dielectric function inside the dot. Advances in computing now make it possible to calculate the dielectric function on the microscopic scale -- virtually atom by atom.
In the recent study, Wang and Cartoixà calculated what would happen if a single-electron "perturbation" -- caused by a dopant atom, for example -- were introduced into the center of a 933-atom quantum dot of gallium arsenide. To replicate a realistic quantum dot, they "passivated" the atoms on its surface with fractionally charged hydrogen-like atoms, mimicking reactions between the dot and its surroundings.
Using the Seaborg supercomputer at NERSC, the researchers were able to determine the electron charge density of the perturbation throughout the dot, using an ab initio calculation technique called local density approximation. In the presence of a weak electric field the results were virtually identical to similar measurements of the bulk material -- at least until the responses were measured near the surface of the dot.
[Change in charge response]
Here green shows the change in charge response when a single-electron perturbation is introduced into bulk gallium arsenide (left) and into a 465-atom quantum dot of the same material near its surface (right): except where the dot's surface intervene
Image: Here green shows the change in charge response when a single-electron perturbation is introduced into bulk gallium arsenide (left) and into a 465-atom quantum dot of the same material near its surface (right): except where the dot's surface intervenes, the responses of the two systems are very similar. (Image: Lin-Wang Wang)
quantum dot made of silicon. In the smaller dots, measurements near the center of the dot were still similar to the bulk measurements -- but varied significantly where the perturbation vanishes, near the surface.
A simple model
Measured microscopically, the dielectric function inside a quantum dot is the same as it is in the bulk material; measurements near a perturbation in the center of the dot show no significant difference, but in a small dot the differences are large near the boundary. Averaging makes it appear that the dielectric constant mimics size-dependent changes in the band gaps. But in fact there is no direct relationship.
"Using many hours of supercomputer time, we calculated all the electronic states in these quantum dots when they were perturbed by a single electron in the middle," says Wang. "We found they were the same as in the bulk." The electronic response of a quantum dot thus depends on where it is measured, and on the dot's size.
"If the response of the dot had been different from the bulk, it would have been hard to model," Wang says. "Instead we were able to devise a simple model for calculating the dielectric function on the microscopic scale that gives virtually the same results as ab initio calculations with a supercomputer. This should be very useful in future calculations."
"Microscopic response effects in semiconductor quantum dots," by Xavier Cartoixà and Lin-Wang Wang, appears in the June 17, 2005, issue of Physical Review Letters (volume 94, number 23, article 236804) and is available online as of June 15 at http://prl.aps.org/
Source: Berkeley Lab
Friday, August 17, 2007
mp3 as ringtones for N6600.....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
mp3 as ringtone for nokia 6600 (the solution and the software included)
i will give u all the solution...check it out....
1. u need the mp3 codec that i will give to u...u have to install the codec on ur phone....
2. How's the phone gonna accept the file... ..it simple...the phone will accept the file when it has id3v2 tag....u can set it by using media player like winamp....just import the file to winamp playlist..right click and choose 'view file info'...
3. Now its ready...one more thing...u have to save the mp3 file in the original sound folder on ur memory card...done...
4. Plz give comment and any sugestion...this is my first post...i really hope that i can help u all....
SOFTWARE:
http://www.badongo.com/file/4069017
i will give u all the solution...check it out....
1. u need the mp3 codec that i will give to u...u have to install the codec on ur phone....
2. How's the phone gonna accept the file... ..it simple...the phone will accept the file when it has id3v2 tag....u can set it by using media player like winamp....just import the file to winamp playlist..right click and choose 'view file info'...
3. Now its ready...one more thing...u have to save the mp3 file in the original sound folder on ur memory card...done...
4. Plz give comment and any sugestion...this is my first post...i really hope that i can help u all....
SOFTWARE:
http://www.badongo.com/file/4069017
Thursday, August 16, 2007
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